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Today, I will take you through some of the PowerShell one-liners which will help you in querying patches installed in your machine.
 List All installed patches:

 
 PS C:>gwmi Win32_QuickFixEngineering | select Description, Hotfixid

 List all patches that are installed in last 30 days:

 PS C:> gwmi Win32_QuickFixEngineering | ? {$_.InstalledOn} | where { (Get-date($_.Installedon)) -gt (get-date).adddays(-30) }

 List all patches installed on specific date:

 PS C:> gwmi Win32_QuickFixEngineering | ? {$_.InstalledOn} | where { (Get-date($_.Installedon)) -gt (get-date 10/31/2009) }

Query for a specific hotfix by providing hotfix ID(KB12345 format):

PS C:> gwmi Win32_QuickFixEngineering | ? {$_.HotfixID -match ” KB975025″ }

List all hotfixes installed by administrator account:

PS C:> gwmi Win32_QuickFixEngineering | ? {$_.InstalledBy -match “administrator” }

You can adopt the above queries and run against remote machine by passing the computer name shown like below.
 PS C:> gwmi Win32_QuickFixEngineering -Computer remotecomp | ? {$_.InstalledOn} | where { (Get-date($_.Installedon)) -gt (get-date).adddays(-30) }

Happy Learning,
Sitaram Pamarthi